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Periodic Table
Periodic

Tantalum

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Tantalum

Atomic Mass	180.94788
Configuración de electrones	[Xe]6s24f145d3
Estados de oxidación	+5
Año Descubrido	1802

Tantalum

Atomic Mass	180.94788
Configuración de electrones	[Xe]6s24f145d3
Estados de oxidación	+5
Año Descubrido	1802

Identifiers

Element Name	Tantalum
Element Symbol	Ta
InChI	InChI=1S/Ta
InChIKey	GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Propiedades

Atomic Weight	180.947 88(2) 180.94788 180.9 180.94788(2)
Electron Configuration	[Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d³
Atomic Radius	Van der Waals Atomic Radius : 217 pm (Van der Waals) Empirical Atomic Radius : 145pm (Empirical) Covalent Atomic Radius : 170(8) pm (Covalent)
Oxidation States	+5 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Ground Level	⁴F_3/2
Ionization Energy	7.89 eV 7.549571 ± 0.000025 eV
Electronegativity	Pauling Scale Electronegativity : 1.5(Pauling Scale) Allen Scale Electronegativity : 1.34(Allen Scale)
Electron Affinity	0.322eV 0.15eV
Atomic Spectra	Lines Holdings Levels Holdings
Physical Description	Solid
Element Classification	Metal
Element Period Number	6
Element Group Number	5
Density	16.4 grams per cubic centimeter
Melting Point	3290 K (3017°C or 5463°F) 3017°C
Boiling Point	5731 K (5458°C or 9856°F) 5458°C
Estimated Crustal Abundance	2.0 milligrams per kilogram
Estimated Oceanic Abundance	2×10^-6 milligrams per liter

Historia

The name derives from the Greek mythological character Tantalus who was banished to Hades, the region of lost souls where he was placed up to his chin in water, which receded whenever he tried to drink it, and under branches of fruit, which drew back whenever he tried to pick their fruit. This name was selected because of the insolubility of tantalum in acids; thus, when placed in the midst of acids, it is incapable of taking any of them up. Tantalum was discovered by the Swedish chemist and mineralogist Anders- Gustav Ekeberg in 1802.

Tantalum was discovered by Anders Gustaf Ekenberg, a Swedish chemist, in 1802 in minerals obtained from Ytterby, Sweden. Many scientists believed that he had only discovered an allotrope of niobium, an element that is chemically similar to tantalum. The issue was finally settled in 1866 when, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, a Swiss chemist, proved that tantalum and niobium were two distinct elements. The first relatively pure samples of tantalum were first produced in 1907. Today, tantalum is primarily obtained from the minerals columbite ((Fe, Mn, Mg)(Nb, Ta)2O6), tantalite ((Fe, Mn)(Ta, Nb)2O6) and euxenite ((Y, Ca, Er, La, Ce, U, Th)(Nb, Ta, Ti)2O6).

Named after Tantalos, a Greek a mythological character, father of Niobe. Discovered in 1802 by Ekeberg, but many chemists thought niobium and tantalum were identical elements until Rowe in 1844, and Marignac, in 1866, showed that niobic and tantalic acids were two different acids. The early investigators only isolated the impure metal. The first relatively pure ductile tantalum was produced by von Bolton in 1903. Tantalum occurs principally in the mineral columbite-tantalite.

Historical Atomic Weights

Year	Atomic Weight (uncertainty) [u]	Reference
2005	180.947 88(2)	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200678112051
1979	180.9479(1)	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198052102349
1969	180.9479(3)	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197021010091
1961	180.948	https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a001
1953	180.95	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9540004713
1936	180.88	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9370001893
1931	181.4	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9310001617
1912	181.5	https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02224a601
1909	181.0	https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01931a001
1907	181	https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01956a001
1902	183	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370337

Historical Isotopic Abundances

Year	Isotope	Abundance (uncertainty)	Reference
2017	¹⁸⁰Ta	0.000 1176(23)
2017	¹⁸¹Ta	0.999 8824(23)
2009	¹⁸⁰Ta	0.000 1201(32)	https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-06-02
2009	¹⁸¹Ta	0.999 8799(32)	https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-06-02
1979	¹⁸⁰Ta	0.000 12(2)	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198052102349
1979	¹⁸¹Ta	0.999 88(2)	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198052102349
1975	¹⁸⁰Ta	0.000 12	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197647010075
1975	¹⁸¹Ta	0.999 88	https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197647010075

Descripción

Tantalum is a gray, heavy, and very hard metal. When pure, it is ductile and can be drawn into fine wire, which is used as a filament for evaporating metals such as aluminum. Tantalum is almost completely immune to chemical attack at temperatures below 150°C, and is attacked only by hydrofluoric acid, acidic solutions containing the fluoride ion, and free sulfur trioxide. Alkalis attack it only slowly. At high temperatures, tantalum becomes much more reactive. The element has a melting point exceeded only by tungsten and rhenium. Tantalum is used to make a variety of alloys with desirable properties such as high melting point, high strength, good ductility, etc. Tantalum has a good "gettering" ability at high temperatures, and tantalum oxide films are stable and have good rectifying and dielectric properties.

Usuarios

Tantalum is a strong, ductile metal that is nearly immune to chemical attack at room temperatures. It can be drawn into a fine wire that is used to evaporate metals, such as aluminum. It has a high melting point and is frequently used as a substitute for platinum, which is more expensive. Tantalum is used to make components for chemical plants, nuclear power plants, airplanes and missiles. Tantalum does not react with bodily fluids and is used to make surgical equipment. Tantalum also does not irritate the body and is used to make surgical sutures as well as implants, such as artificial joints and cranial plates. Tantalum is alloyed with steel to increase steel's ductility, strength and melting point.

Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), one of tantalum's compounds, is a dielectric material and is used to make capacitors. It is also used to make a glass with a high index of refraction that is used in camera lenses. A composite consisting of tantalum carbide (TaC) and graphite is one of the hardest materials known and is used on the cutting edges of high-speed machine tools.

Scientists at Los Alamos have produced a tantalum carbide graphite composite material, which is said to be one of the hardest materials ever made. The compound has a melting point of 3738°C. Tantalum is used to make electrolytic capacitors and vacuum furnace parts, which account for about 60% of its use. The metal is also widely used to fabricate chemical process equipment, nuclear reactors, aircraft, and missile parts. Tantalum is completely immune to body liquids and is a nonirritating material. It has, therefore, found wide use in making surgical appliances. Tantalum oxide is used to make special glass with high index of refraction for camera lenses. The metal has many other uses.

Sources

Tantalum ores are found in Australia, Brazil, Mozambique, Thailand, Portugal, Nigeria, Zaire, and Canada.

Compounds

See more information at the Tantalum compound page.

Element Forms

CID	Name	Formula	SMILES	Molecular Weight
23956	tantalum	Ta	[Ta]	180.9479
161013	tantalum-182	Ta	[182Ta]	181.95015
167411	tantalum-180	Ta	[180Ta]	179.94747
177548	tantalum-178	Ta	[178Ta]	177.9457
177631	tantalum-186	Ta	[186Ta]	185.9586
177633	tantalum-184	Ta	[184Ta]	183.9540
4532223	tantalum(5+)	Ta+5	[Ta+5]	180.9479
167406	tantalum-176	Ta	[176Ta]	175.9449
167409	tantalum-177	Ta	[177Ta]	176.94448
176417	tantalum-173	Ta	[173Ta]	172.9437
177430	tantalum-179	Ta	[179Ta]	178.94594
177634	tantalum-185	Ta	[185Ta]	184.9556
167405	tantalum-174	Ta	[174Ta]	173.9445
167408	tantalum-172	Ta	[172Ta]	171.9449
167410	tantalum-175	Ta	[175Ta]	174.9437
91867650	tantalum-183	Ta	[183Ta]	182.95138
21225629	tantalum(2+)	Ta+2	[Ta+2]	180.9479
59891638	tantalum-181	Ta	[181Ta]	180.94800

Isotopes

Stable Isotope Count	1

Isotopes in Medicine

178 Ta (with a half-life of 9.3 min) is used in medical studies, such as first-pass radionuclide angiography of mice, to better understand cardiovascular disease. Radionuclide angiography uses a pinhole lens fitted to a high-speed multiwire proportional camera and a n(178W)/n(178Ta) amount-ratio generator for minimally invasive quantification of murine ventricular (heart) functions (Fig. IUPAC.73.1) [506], [507]. The multiwire gamma camera has a 178Ta generator incorporated in its housing, and it provides portable and laboratory ventricular function assessments for cardiovascular patients [507], [508]. Intravenous injections of 178Ta are used in gated equilibrium blood pool imaging [509]. 183Ta (with a half-life of 5.1 days) has potential for use in radionuclide pharmaceuticals and as a tracer for toxicity studies of ecosystems [510].

Fig. IUPAC.73.1: Multiwire gamma camera containing a ¹⁷⁸Ta generator. [Photographer: Ami Iskandrian, M.D. University of Alabama at Birmingham (used with permission)] [511].

[506] J. Lacy, T. Nanavaty, D. Dai, N. Nayak, N. Haynes, C. Martin. J. Nucl. Cardiol.8, 171 (2001).

[507] C. J. Hartley, G. E. Taffet, A. K. Reddy, M. L. Entman, L. H. Michael. ILAR J.43, 147 (2002).

[508] J. L. Lacy, A. D. LeBlanc, J. W. Babich, M. W. Bungo, L. A. Latson, R. M. Lewis, L. R. Poliner, R. H. Jones, P. C. Johnson. J. Nucl. Med.25, 1003 (1984).

[509] R. A. Wilson, S. Y. Kopiwoda, R. J. Callahan, R. H. Moore, C. A. Boucher, H. Manspeaker, F. P. Castronovo, H. W. Strauss. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging13, 82 (1987).

[510] N. Shigeta, R. M. Lambrecht, H. Matsuoka, A. Osa, M. Koizumi, K. Kobayashi, M. Izumo, K. Hashimoto, T. Sekine. Appl. Radiat. Isot.47, 171 (1996).

[511] A. Iskandrian, M.D., Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, personal image.

Isotopes Used as a Source of Radioactive Isotope(s)

181Ta is used to produce 178W, which decays to 178Ta via the reaction 181Ta (p, 4 n) 178W, which is followed by a subsequent electron capture decay reaction of 178W to finally yield 178Ta. 178Ta is important for medical studies as noted in Section 4.73.1.

Isotope Mass and Abundance

Isotope	Atomic Mass (uncertainty) [u]	Abundance (uncertainty)
^180Ta	179.947 47(2)	0.000 1176(23)
^181Ta	180.948 00(1)	0.999 8824(23)

Isotope	Atomic Mass (uncertainty) [u]	Abundance (uncertainty)
¹⁸⁰Ta	179.9474648(24)	0.0001201(32)
¹⁸¹Ta	180.9479958(20)	0.9998799(32)

Atomic Mass, Half Life, and Decay

Nuclide	Atomic Mass and Uncertainty [u]	Half Life and Uncertainty	Discovery Year	Decay Modes, Intensities and Uncertainties [%]
¹⁵⁵Ta	154.974248 ± 0.000322 [Estimated]	3.2 ms ± 1.3	2007	p=100%
¹⁵⁶Ta	155.972087 ± 0.000322 [Estimated]	106 ms ± 4	1992	p=71±0.3%; β⁺=29±0.3%
¹⁵⁶Ta^m	155.972087 ± 0.000322 [Estimated]	360 ms ± 40	1993	β⁺=95.8±0.9%; p=4.2±0.9%
¹⁵⁷Ta	156.968227445 ± 0.000161087	10.1 ms ± 0.4	1979	α=96.6±1.2%; p=3.4±1.2%; β⁺ ?
¹⁵⁷Ta^m	156.968227445 ± 0.000161087	4.3 ms ± 0.1	1996	α≈100%; β⁺ ?; p=0%
¹⁵⁷Taⁿ	156.968227445 ± 0.000161087	1.7 ms ± 0.1	1996	α=100%
¹⁵⁸Ta	157.966593 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	49 ms ± 4	1979	α≈100%; β⁺ ?
¹⁵⁸Ta^m	157.966593 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	36.0 ms ± 0.8	1979	α=95±0.5%; β⁺ ?; IT ?
¹⁵⁸Taⁿ	157.966593 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	6.1 us ± 0.1	2014	IT=98.6±0.2%; α=1.4±0.2%
¹⁵⁹Ta	158.963028046 ± 0.000021137	1.04 s ± 0.09	1979	β⁺=66±0.5%; α=34±0.5%
¹⁵⁹Ta^m	158.963028046 ± 0.000021137	560 ms ± 60	1994	α=55±0.1%; β⁺=45±0.1%
¹⁶⁰Ta	159.961541678 ± 0.00005831	1.70 s ± 0.20	1979	β⁺ ?; α=?
¹⁶⁰Ta^m	159.961541678 ± 0.00005831	1.55 s ± 0.04	1979	β⁺ ?; α=?
¹⁶¹Ta	160.958369489 ± 0.000026174	3 s [Estimated]	1979	β⁺ ?; α ?
¹⁶¹Ta^m	160.958369489 ± 0.000026174	3.08 s ± 0.11	1979	β⁺=93±0.3%; α=7±0.3%
¹⁶²Ta	161.957292907 ± 0.000067979	3.57 s ± 0.12	1985	β⁺=99.926±1%; α=0.074±1%
¹⁶²Ta^m	161.957292907 ± 0.000067979	5 s [Estimated]		β⁺ ?; IT ?; α ?
¹⁶³Ta	162.954337194 ± 0.00004086	10.6 s ± 1.8	1985	β⁺≈100%; α ?
¹⁶³Ta^m	162.954337194 ± 0.00004086	10 s [Estimated]		β⁺ ?; α ?; IT ?
¹⁶⁴Ta	163.953534000 ± 0.00003	14.2 s ± 0.3	1982	β⁺=100%
¹⁶⁵Ta	164.950780287 ± 0.000014571	31.0 s ± 1.5	1982	β⁺=100%
¹⁶⁵Ta^m	164.950780287 ± 0.000014571	30 s [Estimated]		β⁺ ?; α ?
¹⁶⁶Ta	165.950512000 ± 0.00003	34.4 s ± 0.5	1977	β⁺=100%
¹⁶⁷Ta	166.948093000 ± 0.00003	1.33 m ± 0.07	1982	β⁺=100%
¹⁶⁸Ta	167.948047000 ± 0.00003	2.0 m ± 0.1	1969	β⁺=100%
¹⁶⁹Ta	168.946011000 ± 0.00003	4.9 m ± 0.4	1969	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁰Ta	169.946175000 ± 0.00003	6.76 m ± 0.06	1969	β⁺=100%
¹⁷¹Ta	170.944476000 ± 0.00003	23.3 m ± 0.3	1969	β⁺=100%
¹⁷²Ta	171.944895000 ± 0.00003	36.8 m ± 0.3	1964	β⁺=100%
¹⁷³Ta	172.943750000 ± 0.00003	3.14 h ± 0.13	1960	β⁺=100%
¹⁷³Ta^m	172.943750000 ± 0.00003	205.2 ns ± 5.6	1977	IT=100%
¹⁷³Taⁿ	172.943750000 ± 0.00003	132 ns ± 3	2006	IT=100%
¹⁷⁴Ta	173.944454000 ± 0.00003	1.14 h ± 0.08	1960	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁵Ta	174.943737000 ± 0.00003	10.5 h ± 0.2	1960	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁵Ta^m	174.943737000 ± 0.00003	222 ns ± 8	1972	IT=100%
¹⁷⁵Taⁿ	174.943737000 ± 0.00003	170 ns ± 20	1969	IT=100%
¹⁷⁵Ta^p	174.943737000 ± 0.00003	1.95 us ± 0.15	1996	IT=100%
¹⁷⁶Ta	175.944857000 ± 0.000033	8.09 h ± 0.05	1948	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁶Ta^m	175.944857000 ± 0.000033	1.08 ms ± 0.07	1971	IT=100%
¹⁷⁶Taⁿ	175.944857000 ± 0.000033	3.8 us ± 0.4	1978	IT=100%
¹⁷⁶Ta^p	175.944857000 ± 0.000033	970 us ± 70	1994	IT=100%
¹⁷⁷Ta	176.944481940 ± 0.000003558	56.36 h ± 0.13	1948	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁷Ta^m	176.944481940 ± 0.000003558	410 ns ± 7	1973	IT=100%
¹⁷⁷Taⁿ	176.944481940 ± 0.000003558	3.62 us ± 0.10	1971	IT=100%
¹⁷⁷Ta^p	176.944481940 ± 0.000003558	5.30 us ± 0.11	1971	IT=100%
¹⁷⁷Ta^q	176.944481940 ± 0.000003558	133 us ± 4	1994	IT=100%
¹⁷⁸Ta	177.945680 ± 0.000056 [Estimated]	2.36 h ± 0.08	1950	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁸Ta^m	177.945680 ± 0.000056 [Estimated]	9.31 m ± 0.03	1950	β⁺=100%
¹⁷⁸Taⁿ	177.945680 ± 0.000056 [Estimated]	59 ms ± 3	1979	IT=100%
¹⁷⁸Ta^p	177.945680 ± 0.000056 [Estimated]	290 ms ± 12	1996	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	1.82 y ± 0.03	1950	ε=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta^m	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	1.42 us ± 0.08	1964	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Taⁿ	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	280 ns ± 80	1974	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta^p	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	322 ns ± 16	1982	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta^q	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	9.0 ms ± 0.2	1982	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta^r	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	1.6 us ± 0.4	1982	IT=100%
¹⁷⁹Ta^x	178.945939050 ± 0.000001574	54.1 ms ± 1.7	1982	IT=100%
¹⁸⁰Ta	179.947467589 ± 0.000002219	8.154 h ± 0.006	1938	ε=85±0.3%; β^-=15±0.3%
¹⁸⁰Ta^m	179.947467589 ± 0.000002219	Stable >45 Py	1940	IS=0.01201±3.2%; β^- ?
¹⁸⁰Taⁿ	179.947467589 ± 0.000002219	31.2 us ± 1.4	1996	IT=100%
¹⁸⁰Ta^p	179.947467589 ± 0.000002219	2.0 us ± 0.5	2000	IT=100%
¹⁸⁰Ta^q	179.947467589 ± 0.000002219	17 us ± 5	2000	IT=100%
¹⁸¹Ta	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	Stable	1932	IS=99.98799±3.2%
¹⁸¹Ta^m	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	6.05 us ± 0.12	1979	IT=100%
¹⁸¹Taⁿ	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	18 us ± 1	1948	IT=100%
¹⁸¹Ta^p	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	140 ns ± 36	1998	IT=100%
¹⁸¹Ta^q	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	25.2 us ± 1.8	1998	IT=100%
¹⁸¹Ta^r	180.947998528 ± 0.000001692	210 us ± 20	1998	IT=100%
¹⁸²Ta	181.950154612 ± 0.000001693	114.74 d ± 0.12	1938	β^-=100%
¹⁸²Ta^m	181.950154612 ± 0.000001693	283 ms ± 3	1968	IT=100%
¹⁸²Taⁿ	181.950154612 ± 0.000001693	15.84 m ± 0.10	1947	IT=100%
¹⁸³Ta	182.951375380 ± 0.000001707	5.1 d ± 0.1	1950	β^-=100%
¹⁸³Ta^m	182.951375380 ± 0.000001707	106 ns ± 10	1967	IT=100%
¹⁸³Taⁿ	182.951375380 ± 0.000001707	900 ns ± 300	2009	IT=100%
¹⁸⁴Ta	183.954009958 ± 0.000027923	8.7 h ± 0.1	1955	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁵Ta	184.955561317 ± 0.000015202	49.4 m ± 1.5	1950	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁵Ta^m	184.955561317 ± 0.000015202	900 ns ± 300	2007	IT=100%
¹⁸⁵Taⁿ	184.955561317 ± 0.000015202	11.8 ms ± 1.4	1999	IT=100%
¹⁸⁶Ta	185.958553036 ± 0.000064425	10.5 m ± 0.3	1955	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁶Ta^m	185.958553036 ± 0.000064425	1.54 m ± 0.05	2010	β^- ?; IT ?
¹⁸⁷Ta	186.960391000 ± 0.00006	2.3 m ± 6	1999	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁷Ta^m	186.960391000 ± 0.00006	7.3 s ± 0.9	2010	IT≈100%; β^- ?
¹⁸⁷Taⁿ	186.960391000 ± 0.00006	>5 m	2010	β^- ?; IT ?
¹⁸⁸Ta	187.963596 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	19.6 s ± 2.0	1999	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁸Ta^m	187.963596 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	19.6 s ± 2.0	2005	IT ?; β^- ?
¹⁸⁸Taⁿ	187.963596 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	3.6 us ± 0.4	2005	IT=100%
¹⁸⁹Ta	188.965690 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	20 s >300ns [Estimated]	1999	β^-=100%
¹⁸⁹Ta^m	188.965690 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	1.6 us ± 0.2	2009	IT=100%
¹⁹⁰Ta	189.969168 ± 0.000215 [Estimated]	5.3 s ± 0.7	2009	β^-=100%
¹⁹¹Ta	190.971530 ± 0.000322 [Estimated]	460 ms >300ns [Estimated]	2009	β^- ?
¹⁹²Ta	191.975201 ± 0.000429 [Estimated]	2.2 s ± 0.7	2009	β^-=100%; β^-n ?
¹⁹³Ta	192.977660 ± 0.000429 [Estimated]	220 ms >300ns [Estimated]	2012	β^- ?; β^-n ?
¹⁹⁴Ta	193.981610 ± 0.000537 [Estimated]	2 s >300ns [Estimated]	2012	β^- ?; β^-n ?

Fuentes de información

1. PubChem

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2. Atomic Mass Data Center (AMDC), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

LICENSE
https://www-nds.iaea.org/disclaimer.html

Ta
https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/
3. IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW)

LICENSE
http://www.ciaaw.org/bylaws.htm

Tantalum
https://www.ciaaw.org/tantalum.htm
4. Jefferson Lab, U.S. Department of Energy

LICENSE
Please see citation and linking information https https://www.jlab.org/privacy-and-security-notice

Tantalum
https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele073.html
5. Los Alamos National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy

LICENSE
https://about.lanl.gov/lanl-resources/web-policies/

Tantalum
https://periodic.lanl.gov/73.shtml
6. NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory

LICENSE
https://www.nist.gov/pml/database-disclaimer

Tantalum
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Elements/elInfo.pl?element=73
7. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI)

LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) contribution within Pubchem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703
8. PubChem Elements

LICENSE
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html

Tantalum

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