CCR5 is one of the important chemokine receptors in macrophages. It primarily recognizes CC chemokines such as CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and regulates macrophage recruitment, migration, inflammatory cytokine release, phagocytic function, and tissue microenvironment remodeling through G ...
The VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling pathway is one of the central molecular networks in angiogenesis research. Its role is not limited to promoting endothelial cell proliferation.
The FGF (fibroblast growth factor) pathway is one of the most important growth factor signaling networks in multicellular organisms, spanning embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, metabolic regulation, injury repair, and tumor progression.
The ErbB family pathway is a major module within receptor tyrosine kinase networks. Its key feature is not activation of a single receptor in isolation, but rather the coordinated determination of biological outcomes such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration through ...
The GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) pathway is one of the most representative integrative signaling nodes within the cell. It does not belong to the typical linear "ligand-receptor-kinase" cascade, but is better understood as a constitutively poised regulatory hub whose activity is ...
