Phosphine Ligand Selection Guide: How to Simultaneously Lower the Ar–Cl Activation Barrier, Improve Catalyst Longevity, and Stabilize the Impurity Profile in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling (Tables 1–4 Included)

In cross-coupling (especially Pd-catalyzed C–N/C–C bond formation), researchers often set multiple goals at once: more challenging substrates (Ar–Cl/heteroaryl chlorides), less metal (low Pd loading), larger scale (scale-up), and tighter control of outcomes (stable impurity profile and ...