Phenylalanine ammonia-dissolving enzyme (PAD) plays an important role in regulating the formation of secondary substances such as lignin, phytoalexins, flavonoi
The expansion and contraction of the guard cells on both sides of the stomata directly affects the opening and closing of the stomata, which significantly influ
Stomata are the main channel for gas exchange between plant leaves and the outside world, and the distribution, density, shape, size and opening and closing of
Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme in the metabolic action of plant nitrogen and is associated with the ability of crops to take up and utilize nitrate nitrogen.
Essential elements are mineral elements that are necessary to maintain the normal physiological activities of plants. To determine whether various elements are
The speed of transpiration is related to the speed of mineral salt transportation in the plant and leaf temperature, etc. The transpiration rate can be used as
Phenolic substances in plant tissues are oxidized to Da by polyphenol oxidase, and Da can automatically polymerize into colorful substances and browning occurs.
In a broad sense, the cytoskeleton is a type of organelle that contains three different components: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers. So fa
The pollination process begins with anther dehiscence and dispersal of mature pollen. Pollen grains carrying male gametes or their precursors are exposed to dry
After landing on the stigma, pollen, the male gametophyte of plants, grows pollen tubes through germination and transports sperm cells to the embryo sac to comp
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